The release of Rust ??? and Rust 2018

3r32424. 3r3-31. 3r301901. The Rust development team is pleased to announce the release of a new version of Rust, ???.? as well as "Rust 2018". Rust is a programming language that allows everyone to create reliable and effective software. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. If you have a previous version of Rust installed using r3r3880. rustup 3r3881. , then to update Rust to version ??? you just need to run:
3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33869. $ rustup update stable
3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. If you have not yet installed rustup 3r3881. You can install it from the relevant page of our website. From 3r3886. detailed release notes for Rust ??? available on github. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424.

`What is included in the stable version ??? is`

  3r33899.  3r32424. 3r301901. Rust 1.3? perhaps the most significant release since Rust 1.0! This release includes the first iteration of Rust 201? but this is not the only innovation! A review of improvements will be long, so here's the table of contents: 3r3393912. 3r33899.  3r32424.

3r32424. 3r33838. Rust 2018 3r3107. 3r33899. 3r32424.

   3r32424. 3r33838.    Non-lexical times of life       3r32424. 3r33838.    Changes to the module system 3r3107.     3r32424. 3r33831.     3r32424. 3r33838.    Additional rules for deriving lifetimes 3–3–3107.     3r32424. 3r33838.    3r33880. const fn

3r32424. 3r33838. New tools 3r3107. 3r32424. 3r33838. Instrumental quality check code 3r32424. 3r33838. Documentation 3r3107. 3r32424. 3r33838. Subject working groups 3r3107. 3r32424. 3r33838. New website 3r32424. 3r33838. Stabilizing the standard library 3r32424. 3r33838. Improvements in Cargo 3r32424. 3r33838. Developers release 3r3107. 3r32424. 3r33831. 3r3111. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r3115. Rust 2018 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. We wrote about Rust 2018 for the first time in March, 3-333910. and then July . For details r3r3902. why r3r3911 need Rust 201? refer to these publications. In this review, we have so much to tell, so we will focus only on that, that is Rust 2018. Also about this can be read 3r3128. in a post on Mozilla Hacks (3r3-33130. Translation 3r3-3910.). 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. In short, Rust 2018 is an opportunity to combine into a coherent whole all the work that we have done over the past three years. Rust 2018 is more than just a set of language enhancements. In addition to them, it includes: 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r32424. 3r33838. Toolkit (IDE support, Rustfmt , Clippy) 3r32424. 3r33838. Documentation 3r3829. 3r32424. 3r33838. The work of the subject working groups 3r32424. 3r33838. New website 3r32424. 3r33831. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Further we will tell about all this in more detail and about other innovations. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Let's create a new project with Cargo: 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33869. 3r33838. $ cargo new foo 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Here are the contents of 3r38080. Cargo.toml : 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33869. 3r33838.[package]3r32424. name = "foo"
version = "???"
authors =["Your Name "]3r32424. edition = "2018"
3r32424.[dependencies]3r3881. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Section 3r38080.[package]3r3881. A new key has been added: edition . Please note that it is set to 2018 3r3881. . You can also set it to 2015 - this value will be set by default if the key is absent. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. With the use of Rust 201? some new features will be unlocked that are not allowed in Rust 2015. 3r31212. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. It is important to note that each package can be in 2015 or 2018 mode, and they will work together. Your draft 2018 revision can use dependencies of 2015 revision, and the draft 2015 edition can use dependencies 2018 revision. This ensures the integrity of the ecosystem and that all new features will be optional, while maintaining compatibility with existing code. In addition, when you decide to transfer the Rust 2015 code to Rust 201? changes can be made automatically through 3r38080. cargo fix . 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. You may ask: what about the new features themselves? Firstly, they are also added to Rust 2015 if they are compatible with the features of this edition. Thus, most of the language remains the same everywhere. You can watch editorial guidelines 3-333910. to find out the minimum version of rustc for each new opportunity and its other requirements. However, there are several big innovations that need to be mentioned separately: non-lexical lifetimes and some changes in the module system. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424.

Non-lexical times of life

3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. If you have been following the development of Rust over the past few years, then you may occasionally come across the term "NLL" or "non-lexical lifetimes". This is slang, which, to put it in simple terms, means: the borrowing analyzer has become smarter and now accepts some correct code that it had previously rejected. Consider an example: 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33869. 3r3669. fn main () {
let mut x = 5; 3r32424. 3r32424. let y = & x; 3r32424. 3r32424. let z = & mut x; 3r32424.} 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Previously, Rust produced a compilation error: 3r3393912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33869. 3r33838. error[E0502]: cant borrow `x` as mutable because it is borrowed as immutable
-> src /main.rs: 5: 18
| 3r32424. 4 | let y = & x; 3r32424. | - immutable borrow occurs here
5 | 3r32424. 6 | let z = & mut x; 3r32424. | ^ mutable borrow occurs here
7 |}
| - immutable borrow ends here 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. This is because the area of link life was defined "lexically"; that is, borrowing y It was considered active until y not go out of scope at the end of main , even if we never use again. y inside the area. The code above is fine, but the dependency analyzer could not understand it. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Now this code is remarkably compiled. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. But what if we used y ? For example, 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33869. 3r3669. fn main () {
let mut x = 5; 3r32424. let y = & x; 3r32424. let z = & mut x; 3r32424. 3r32424. println! ("y: {}", y); 3r32424.} 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Rust used to give you this error: 3r31212. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33869. 3r33838. error[E0502]: cant borrow `x` as mutable because it is borrowed as immutable
-> src /main.rs: 5: 18
| 3r32424. 4 | let y = & x; 3r32424. | - immutable borrow occurs here
5 | let z = & mut x; 3r32424. | ^ mutable borrow occurs here
8 |}
| - immutable borrow ends here 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. In Rust 201? this error message improved: 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33869. 3r33838. error[E0502]: cant borrow `x` as mutable because it is borrowed as immutable
-> src /main.rs: 5: 13
| 3r32424. 4 | let y = & x; 3r32424. | - immutable borrow occurs here
5 | let z = & mut x; 3r32424. | ^^^^^^ mutable borrow meets
6 | 3r32424. 7 | println! ("y: {}", y); 3r32424. | - borrow later used here 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Instead indicate where y goes out of scope, it shows where conflict borrowing occurs. This makes debugging such errors much easier. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. In Rust 1.3? this improvement is exclusively for Rust 2018. We plan to add it to Rust 2015 later. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33333. Modifications to the module system. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. The module system can be a problem for people who study Rust for the first time. Of course, there is always something that takes time to master. But the main reason why modules are so embarrassing to many — despite the simple and consistent rules that define the system of modules, the consequences of their application may seem contradictory, mysterious and unnatural. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Therefore, revision 2018 makes some changes in how the paths work, simplifying the system of modules and making it clearer. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Here is a brief summary: 3r33939. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r32424. 3r33838. 3r33880. extern crate no longer required almost anywhere. 3r32424. 3r33838. You can import macros using use , instead of using the attribute. #[macro_use]3r3881. . 3r32424. 3r33838. Absolute paths start with the name of the container, where the keyword is 3r38080. crate refers to the current container. 3r32424. 3r33838. 3r33880. foo.rs and subdirectory foo /3r3881. can coexist; 3r33880. mod.rs no longer required when placing submodules in a subdirectory. 3r32424. 3r33831. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. This looks like an arbitrary set of rules, but on the whole the mental model is now much simpler. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. There is still 3r3902. many for details, please refer to editorial guidelines 3–3–3910. for clarifying all the details. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r3013. Additional rules for inferring lifetimes of 3r33841 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Let's talk about the improvements available in both editions: we added some additional inference rules for 3r38080. impl 3r3881. and function definitions. A code like this: 3r3393912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33869. 3r3669. impl 3r33414. Reader for BufReader <'a> {
//methods here are
} 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. can now be written like this: 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33869. 3r3669. impl Reader for BufReader <'_> {
//methods here are
} 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Lifetime '_ 3r3881. still shows that BufReader accepts it as a parameter, but we no longer need to set a name for it. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Lifetimes are still required to be determined in structures. However, we no longer need to write as much template code as before: 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33869. 3r3669. //Rust 2015 struct ref 3r3449. { field: & 'a T } 3r32424. //Rust 2018 struct ref 3r3455. { field: & 'a T } 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Dependence : 'a will be displayed. You can still specify it explicitly if you want. We are considering other possibilities for the conclusion in such places for the future, but so far we have no concrete plans. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33434. 3r33880. const fn 3r33841. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Rust has several ways to declare a function: 3r38080. fn for normal functions, unsafe fn for unsafe functions and extern fn for external functions. In this release, a new way to declare a function has been added: 3r38080. const fn . It is used like this: 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33869. 3r3669. const fn foo (x: i32) -> i32 {
x + 1 3r3244.} 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. A constant function can be called as a normal function, but beyond that it can be used in any constant context. At the same time, it will be executed at compile time, not at run time. For example: 3r31212. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33869. 3r3669. const SIX: i32 = foo (5); 3r3881. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Function foo run at compile time and 3r33880. SIX 3r3881. will take the value of 3r38080. 6 . 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Constant functions cannot do everything that normal functions can do: they must have a deterministic result. This is important for reasons of reliability. In the current form, constant functions can perform a minimal subset of operations. Here are some examples of what you can do in them: 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r32424. 3r33838. Use integer arithmetic operations and comparison operations 3r32424. 3r33838. Use any logical operations except && 3r3881. and 3r38080. || 3r3881. 3r32424. 3r33838. Construct arrays, structures, enumerations, and tuples of 3r32424. 3r33838. Call other constant functions 3r3829. 3r32424. 3r33838. Handle by index in arrays and slices 3r32424. 3r33838. Refer to the fields of structures and tuples 3r32424. 3r33838. Use constants (but not static values, and not even references to them) 3r32424. 3r33838. Use r3r3880. & and 3r38080. * references 3r32424. 3r33838. Cast types, excluding coercion of a raw pointer to an integer value 3r32424. 3r33831. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. We will extend the capabilities of the constant functions, but the above set is enough to use 3r3880. const fn on practice. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. See 3r33565 for details. in the directory . 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33570. New tools 3r33841. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Revision 2018 marks the beginning of a new level of maturity of the Rust. Cargo, Rustdoc and Rustup have been major tools since version 1.0; With edition 2018 comes a new generation of tools that everyone can now use: Clippy, Rustfmt and IDE support. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Static code analyzer 3r33880. clippy now available in stable Rust. You can install it through rustup component add clippy and run the command cargo clippy . Clippy has now received version 1.0 and has the same stability guarantees for static checks as rustc. New checks can be added, or the functionality of the old ones can be extended, but the old ones cannot be deleted (they can only be marked as obsolete). This means that the code that compiles with clippy will continue to compile with clippy (provided that it is not set for checks to generate 3r39999. 3r32424. Error after 3r38080. deny 3r3881. ), but may issue new warnings. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. 3r33595. Rustfmt Is a tool for formatting code in Rust. Automatic code formatting will save you time, in addition, it will bring your code closer to 3r3-3597. the official Rust style. . You can install it through rustup component add rustfmt and use the command cargo fmt . 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Current release includes Rustfmt 1.0. From now on, we guarantee backward compatibility for Rustfmt: if you format your code today, the formatting will not change in the future (only for default parameters). Backward compatibility means that it is now practical to run Rustfmt on your CI (use Cargo fmt --check ). Try this together with "formatting while saving" in the editor, and your workflow is revolutionized. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. IDE support is one of the most requested features of tools for Rust. Now there are several high quality solutions: 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r32424. 3r33838. 3r3619. Visual Studio Code 3r32424. 3r33838. 3r32424. IntelliJ 3r3393910. 3r32424. 3r33838. Atom 3r3109. 3r32424. 3r33838. 3r3634. Sublime Text 3 3r32424. 3r33838. Eclipse 3r32424. 3r33831. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. The support work in the IDE is not finished. In particular, code completion in RLS based editors is not up to par. However, if you basically want support for types, documentation, and the “transition to definition,” then you will be satisfied. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r3650. Instrumental code quality checks (tool lints) 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. In 3r33655. Rust ???r3r3910. we have stabilized "instrumental attributes", such as 3r38080. #[rustfmt::skip]3r3881. . In Rust 1.3? we stabilized something like this: "tool code quality checks" ("tool lints"), such as 3r3808. #[allow(clippy::bool_comparison)]3r3881. . This allows you to set namespaces for checks to make it clearer what tools they come from. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. If you previously used Clippy checks, you can migrate as follows: 3r3393912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33869. 3r3669. //was 3r3244. #![cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(bool_comparison))]3r32424. 3r32424. //become 3r3244. #![allow(clippy::bool_comparison)]3r3881. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. You no longer need cfg_attr ! You will also now receive alerts that will help you switch to using the new style. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424.

Documentation 3r33841. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Rustdoc had several improvements this year, and a completely rewritten book, The Rust Programming Language, was released. You can buy paper copy from No Starch Press ! 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Previously, it was called the "second edition" of the book, but since it became the first print edition, it caused confusion. After all, the print edition is scheduled to be updated periodically. In the end, after many discussions with No Starch, it was decided to update the book on the website along with each issue, and No Starch would periodically pick up the changes and print them. The book sells quite well and raises money for Black Girls Code . 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. You can find the new version of the book here is . 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424.

Subject working groups 3r33841. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. This year we announced the creation of four working groups: 3r3912. 3r33899. 3r32424.

3r32424. 3r33838. Network Services 3r32424. 3r33838. Command line applications 3r3829. 3r32424. 3r33838. WebAssembly 3r32424. 3r33838. Built-in devices 3r3829. 3r32424. 3r33831. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Groups worked very hard to make Rust better in each of these areas. Here are some achievements: 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r32424. 3r33838. The network services have reworked the interface for Futures, and async /await on top of that. These improvements have not yet been released, but we are already close to this! 3r32424. 3r33838. The CLI team worked on libraries and documentation to make command line applications better. 3r32424. 3r33838. The WebAssembly team has released many world-class tools for using Rust with wasm. 3r32424. 3r33838. For embedded devices, it became possible to develop ARM on a stable Rust! 3r32424. 3r33831. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. You can learn more about all this on our new website! 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r3756. New website 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. 3r3761. Last week We announced a new version of our website. Now it has become the official version of rust-lang.org! 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. To create it took a year of work of many people. And although there is still much to be done to complete it, we are proud of the work done. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33770. Stabilizing the standard library 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. New implementations of 3r38080 have been added. From : 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r32424. 3r33838. 3r33880. u8 now implements From 3r3881. , similarly for other numeric types and their 3r33880. NonZero equivalents of 3r32424. 3r33838. 3r33880. Option <&T> 3r3881. It implements 3r38080. From <&Option Similarly for 3r38080. & mut 3r3881. 3r32424. 3r33831. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. The following functions have also been stabilized: 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r32424. 3r33838. 3r33812. 3r33880. slice :: align_to and its mutable analog 3r32424. 3r33838. 3r33838. 3r33880. slice :: chunks_exact , as well as its mutable and r analogues (such as slice :: rchunks_exact_mut ) in all combinations of 3r32424. 3r33831. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. See 3r3886 for details. in the release notes . 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33840. Improvements in Cargo 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Cargo will now load packages in parallel using HTTP /2. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. In addition, since extern crate it is not necessary to specify now, it would be unpleasant to write 3r33880. extern crate foo as bar; 3r3881. to rename dependencies. Therefore you can do this in Cargo.toml thus: r3r3912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33869. 3r33838.[dependencies]3r32424. baz = {version = "0.1", package = "foo"} 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. or equivalently: 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33869. 3r33838.[dependencies.baz]3r32424. version = "0.1"
package = "foo" 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Now package 3r33880. foo Available as 3r38080. baz for use in your code. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. See 3r3886 for details. in the release notes
. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r33891. Developers ???
3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. Usually at the end of the review, we thank people who have contributed to the preparation of the release of 3r-33910. . But this time, unlike past ones, this list does not fully cover all those people who helped, and all the amount of work that was done. Each regular release is the result of six weeks of work, but this release is the culmination of three years of effort, reflected in a myriad of repositories made by a huge number of people. We were pleased to work with all of you, and we look forward to the continued development of Rust over the next three years. 3r33912. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. 3r3902. From the translator: I express special gratitude to the Rustycrate community members and personally 3r3903. @dashadee , 3r3905. ozkriff
, 3r3907. humbug
and 3r3909. mvlabat
for help with translation and proofreading. 3r33911. 3r33912.
3r32424. 3r32424. 3r32424. 3r3393917. ! function (e) {function t (t, n) {if (! (n in e)) {for (var r, a = e.document, i = a.scripts, o = i.length; o-- ;) if (-1! == i[o].src.indexOf (t)) {r = i[o]; break} if (! r) {r = a.createElement ("script"), r.type = "text /jаvascript", r.async =! ? r.defer =! ? r.src = t, r.charset = "UTF-8"; var d = function () {var e = a.getElementsByTagName ("script")[0]; e.parentNode.insertBefore (r, e)}; "[object Opera]" == e.opera? a.addEventListener? a.addEventListener ("DOMContentLoaded", d,! 1): e.attachEvent ("onload", d ): d ()}}} t ("//mediator.mail.ru/script/2820404/"""_mediator") () (); 3r33939. 3r32424.
3r32424. 3r32424. 3r32424. 3r32424.

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What is included in the stable version ??? is

Non-lexical times of life

Subject working groups 3r33841. 3r33899. 3r32424. 3r301901. This year we announced the creation of four working groups: 3r3912. 3r33899. 3r32424.

weber

10-12-2018, 13:34

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`What is included in the stable version ??? is`