3r3179. 3r3-31. Learning to program means not only developing a useful skill, but also acquiring a special type of thinking. Programmers are good at solving math and logic problems. They also pay attention to details, model situations in ordinary life and give an estimate based on a large number of factors. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3168. 3r3165.  3r3179. In the 30s of the last century appeared, named by analogy with the discovery of Einstein, the theory of linguistic relativity. It says: language defines consciousness, that is, people perceive the world differently, because the linguistic categories of the native language impose restrictions and even define thinking. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. This idea was formulated by Edward Sepir and his pupil Benjamin Wharf, but they were wrong. Any idea can be conveyed in any language. They attributed the enormous impact on cognitive processes to simple differences in grammar, but the concept also contained sound grain. Guy Deutscher in his book “Through the mirror of the tongue” explains which:
 3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. “If different languages ​​influence the thinking of their speakers in different ways, then it’s not that each language allows you to think to your speakers, but rather in those parts of the meaning that each language usually makes you think. When a language forces its speakers to pay attention to certain aspects of the world such speech habits can eventually become thinking habits with consequences for memory, perception, association, and even practical skills. ” 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179.

The truth is somewhere north

3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3335. Convincingly proven
that the system of childbirth of nouns affects the associative series, compels to endow these or other inanimate objects with imaginary female or male features. Similar effect associated with differences in sensitivity to shades of colors for which the language has a name. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. But this is minor compared to the fact that a language can form skills. This became clear when studying one of the languages ​​of the Australian aborigines. Instead of the usual “front” and “rear”, “left” and “right”, they use only the directions of the world to indicate the direction. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. This might seem like a practical joke, but if a native speaker of this language asks you to free up space on the bench, it will sound like “move over, please, east”. If at the same time you are reading a book, sitting facing south, and the aborigine wants you to turn a couple of pages forward, then you will hear "scroll further west." If you turn to face north, the request will sound different - you will be asked to flip to the east. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. To speak this language, one has to constantly monitor the location of the cardinal points, which forms a geographic memory and does not require conscious control of the sense of direction. So, deep language learning is more than just knowledge of grammar and vocabulary. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. The study of the influence of language on thinking has just begun, but similar studies of programming languages ​​are already underway, which are related not only to natural ones with natural ones. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179.

Programming ≥ speech 3r3122. 3r3165.  3r3179. Contrary to stereotypes, in programming, mathematical skills are not the most important, but linguistic ones. About this back in 198? Charles Wesrel wrote in his "Etudes for Programmers". He drew attention to the verbal abilities as an important aspect of the personality of a successful programmer, referring to the ability to work with the grammar of both artificial and natural languages. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. His observations are confirmed. Statistical 3r3673. Studies have found a correlation of
between programming and high linguistic abilities. Direct observation of activity in various areas of the brain with MRI installed 3r3168. that while working on the code, the same parts of the brain are activated that are responsible for natural languages. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. Not surprisingly, many programmers find the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis applicable to their work. Similar views were held by Kenneth Iverson, the creator of APL. Yukihiro Matsumoto admitted that when developing Ruby, he was inspired by the novel Babel-1? based on the hypothesis of linguistic relativity. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. Similar motives develop
in the essay "Conquering Mediocrity" 3r3-3168. Paul Graham, in his “Blub” paradox, according to which a programmer who has mastered one language and solved all tasks with its help, does not understand the value of more efficient tools from other programming languages, perceiving them as something strange, unusual and unnecessary. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. The first attempt to summarize the available data on the effect of programming on cognitive processes, was made in 198? 3–3–385. in the May issue of the journal Educational Computing Research 3r3r1616. . 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. Then, the researchers noticed that programming with its various tasks can positively influence the ability to solve problems strategically, the ability to formal logic, modeling skills and cognitive styles, but they did not reach unambiguous and evidence-based conclusions due to lack of data. 3r3165.  3r3179. Another six years passed before statistics were collected, which made it possible to concretize ideas about the impact of coding on thinking. It is represented by 3r3393. in a meta-analysis of sixty-five studies on the impact of programming on cognitive processes 3r31616. published in 1991. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. It turned out that in most cases programming really has a positive effect on various cognitive skills that correlate with the duration of learning a programming language and success in it. “The implications of learning a programming language go beyond the content of a particular computer language,” scientists say. With programming skills, planning skills, reasoning skills, logical thinking, and general problem-solving skills using computer programs are improved. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. Comparative studies of the influence of various programming languages ​​on cognitive processes are continuing.
was allocated for analyzing the contents of the online repositories of Github and BitBucket, questions and answers posted on StackExchange. 750 thousand dollars grant 3r3168. . According to them
Knowledge Lab 3r3168. and 3r3107. Department of Psychology University of Wisconsin Madison will restore the "natural history" of programming languages, track how often and for what purposes each of them is used. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. By 202? researchers plan to find out how the specific features of programming languages ​​affect the number of paths and the speed of solving various problems, analyze how well one or another language is suitable for collective programming. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. The project has an ambitious task: to provide information about which languages ​​to choose for specific projects, and find out how this choice influences how developers think and work. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179.
More than

skill. 3r3165.  3r3179. In addition to the actual programming skills, language learning forms the habit of what the mathematician, psychologist and programmer Seymour Papert calls “computational thinking” in his works. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. This is flexible set of skills aimed at algorithmic problem solving 3r3r1616. , the habit of complex use in everyday life, abstraction, decomposition, evaluation, logical thinking, accuracy and the habit of noticing details. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. The concept of computational thinking gained authority in pedagogy, formed the basis of many educational programs, but over time, as expected in the eighties of the last century, its influence 3-33135. spread far beyond colleges and high schools . 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. With the help of programming methodology, various problems are successfully solved. An example of this is not only computer modeling, big data collection, the introduction of automated systems, and the success of FinTech. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. Computational thinking is applicable and useful in everyday life and for professionals who are far from IT technologies. The study of programming helps to find new approaches and solutions, no matter what is discussed. Whether it is physics, biology, chemistry, sociology, pedagogy, business or health care. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. Thus, the concept of effective altruism emerged, and the search began for the most effective charity strategies. Thanks to these studies, it turned out, for example, that in the fight against malaria it is more efficient to donate money to 3r3149. Mosquito nets
and not expensive drugs. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. Another consequence of computational thinking is the idea of ​​using 3r3155. mathematical analysis tools
barter deals and big data to solve the problem of matching organ donors. The result is 3r3157. designed
the design of the US complex and at the same time reliable and efficient system for the exchange of donor kidneys "along the chain" for which Harvard University professor Alvin Roth received the Nobel Prize in 2012. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. In the context of new research, the study of a programming language is not just a skill, but also a way to take a fresh look at life, to deal in a new way with the challenges that it poses. 3r3165.  3r3179. 3r3165.  3r3179. Very soon the
course will start in the Binary District. Go Workshop 3r3r1616. - a great start for novice programmers and a logical continuation for those who have already encountered the design of their own web services. 3r33175. 3r3179. 3r3179. 3r3172. ! function (e) {function t (t, n) {if (! (n in e)) {for (var r, a = e.document, i = a.scripts, o = i.length; o-- ;) if (-1! == i[o].src.indexOf (t)) {r = i[o]; break} if (! r) {r = a.createElement ("script"), r.type = "text /jаvascript", r.async =! ? r.defer =! ? r.src = t, r.charset = "UTF-8"; var d = function () {var e = a.getElementsByTagName ("script")[0]; e.parentNode.insertBefore (r, e)}; "[object Opera]" == e.opera? a.addEventListener? a.addEventListener ("DOMContentLoaded", d,! 1): e.attachEvent ("onload", d ): d ()}}} t ("//mediator.mail.ru/script/2820404/"""_mediator") () (); 3r3173. 3r3179. 3r33175. 3r3179. 3r3179. 3r3179. 3r3179.